Exhibits

Recorded on November 8, 2026. Every exhibit shows what Nisha actually did in the practical. Nothing here comes from the 2.0 lab, which is your exercise, not hers.

All the facts in these exhibits come from the practical log, the six draft files and ChatGPT's review file.¹

Exhibit 1: Nisha's method: six steps, with human checks in between

Steps 1 to 6 come from the method taught in class. The three extra human checks were Nisha's own addition.

Exhibit 2: Nisha's key prompts

The prompts below are copied exactly as they were sent.

a) First prompt to Claude (step 1)

I am a chartered accountant from Pakistan (ICAP) and a gold medalist. My name is Nisha. I have identified a problem: there are two main sets of accounting rules in the world. The first is IFRS, which is used internationally. The second is US GAAP, which is followed in America. IFRS is principle-based, while US GAAP is rule-based. Chartered accountants around the world are skilled in IFRS, but American companies follow US GAAP.

I want to write a book that helps accountants on both sides of the fence understand the other set of rules and make the move from one to the other.

My readers are:
- IFRS-trained accountants, like chartered accountants in Pakistan, who want to work for US companies or Big 4 firms
- US GAAP-trained accountants who need to work with IFRS

Please draft:
1. A basic concept or description of the book
2. An outline of the chapters

b) Grading prompt to Claude (step 2, sent in the same message as Nisha's answer about the gold medal line)

Now please review the current version of the document and grade it out of 10 in three areas:
1. Accuracy: Are the facts, dates, rules and standard numbers, correct? Check each standard number in brackets, and tell me if you are unsure about any of them.
2. Quality: Is it well organized, complete and professional? Would a publisher or a Big 4 hiring manager take it seriously?
3. Ease of understanding: Is it easy to follow for my readers? They know basic accounting but are new to the other framework, and many speak English as a second language.

For each area, give:
- The score out of 10
- The reasons for the score
- The specific problems, and where they are (for example, "Preface, paragraph 2" or "Chapter 12")
- What would need to change to reach 9.5

Be strict. Do not give a high score unless the work earns it.

Do not change the document yet. Only grade it.

c) The self-improvement instruction to Claude (end of the step 3 prompt)

Then improve the document by yourself: grade it again in the same three areas and repeat until every area reaches 9.5. Stay strict. Do not raise a score unless the problem is really fixed.

After each round, show a short table with the round number, the three scores and the main changes. Save the final result as version 3.

d) Review prompt to ChatGPT (step 4, shortened)

I am Nisha, a chartered accountant from Pakistan (ICAP). I am writing a book called "The Bilingual Accountant: Moving Between IFRS and US GAAP". [...] I have attached the preface and table of contents (version 3). Please review it as a strict expert who knows both IFRS and US GAAP.

Decisions I have already made. Please don't reverse them: [four decisions listed]

Please grade it out of 10 in three areas: accuracy, quality, ease of understanding. Open each source link and check that it supports what the document says.
For each area, give the score and why, each problem and where it is, and the exact fix.
At the end, list any facts or sources you could not check, and anything you are unsure about.
Be strict. Do not rewrite the whole document. Only list the problems and fixes.

The full prompts are in the practical log.

Exhibit 3: Every grade, from first draft to final version

All grades were given by the AI tools against Nisha's prompt and her three areas. They are judgments, not probabilities of correctness and not test results. A 9.5 does not mean the draft is 95% right, and a lower grade does not make a reviewer more reliable. The reviewers also saw different information, so their grades are not a fair comparison. The target was 9.5 in every area. Version 6 (the final version) was not graded, on Nisha's instruction.

A score is a reviewer's judgment. Evidence is what makes the judgment defensible. When reviewers disagree, Nisha must identify their assumptions, inspect their reasoning and verify the disputed claims.

Exhibit 4: How the draft changed

Words are counted for the whole file, including the list of sources.

Exhibit 5: Who caught what

Nisha's private notes, compared with the two AI reviews.

"Already fixed" means Claude had fixed the problem before ChatGPT saw the draft. For note 7, the practical log shows that Claude added a line about IFRS 18 to Chapter 5 in step 3 but did not add it to the chapter's list of standards, so it is marked "Partly". Notes 1 to 6 were made while reading version 2, notes 7 to 11 while reading version 3, and note 12 during step 6. This was not a controlled test, because the two reviewers saw different versions. The notes are recorded in Appendix A of the practical log.

Exhibit 6: Nisha's fact check (step 6)

Recorded item by item in Appendix B of the practical log. Nisha's final prompt sums up the result as "All confirmed".

Exhibit 7: The final result: table of contents (version 6)

The Bilingual Accountant: Moving Between IFRS and US GAAP, by Nisha

Part I: Background on the two frameworks

1. The two frameworks and who uses them
2. Principles-based and rules-based: what the words really mean
3. How to find answers: the standards and the vocabulary
4. US financial reporting: the SEC, auditors and controls

Part II: The main differences, topic by topic

5. Presentation of financial statements and cash flows
6. Revenue
7. Inventory
8. Property, plant and equipment, and investment property
9. Intangible assets and research and development
10. Impairment, assets held for sale and discontinued operations
11. Leases
12. Financial instruments I: classification, measurement and credit losses
13. Financial instruments II: derivatives, hedging, debt and equity
14. Provisions, contingencies and events after the reporting period
15. Income taxes
16. Employee benefits and share-based payment
17. Foreign currency and hyperinflation
18. Business combinations and consolidation
19. Earnings per share, segments, interim reporting and related parties
20. Rules for special industries

Part III: Moving from one framework to the other

21. Converting financial statements between the frameworks
22. When a company changes its framework
23. Career guide A: from IFRS to US GAAP
24. Career guide B: from US GAAP to IFRS
25. What is changing

Appendices

• A. Master differences and reference tables
• B. Terminology dictionary
• C. Journal-entry quick reference
• D. Self-test and interview questions
• E. Reading list
• F. Excel conversion toolkit

The full version 6 file also has a short preface, a one-line description and the main standards for each chapter, a key to the short forms, and 15 official sources.

Exhibit 8: Time and cost

Times are when each file was saved on November 8, 2026. The time spent writing the first prompt, before version 1, is not included.

Exhibit 9: Words to know

AI Worker. An AI tool given a job, a brief and limits, as described in The New Way of Working. In this case, Claude is the writer and ChatGPT is the reviewer.

Chartered accountant (CA) and ICAP. A CA is a highly trained, qualified accountant. In Pakistan, CAs qualify through the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP).

Big 4. The four largest accounting firms in the world: Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC.

IFRS. International Financial Reporting Standards, the accounting rules used in most of the world. They are written by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board).

US GAAP. US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, the accounting rules used in the United States. They are written by the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board).

The Codification (ASC). The official database of US GAAP rules, organized by topic number. For example, ASC 330 is the topic on inventory.

SEC. The US Securities and Exchange Commission, which regulates companies listed on US stock markets.

Foreign private issuer. A non-US company listed in the US that meets the SEC's conditions. It may prepare its accounts under IFRS (as issued by the IASB) instead of US GAAP.

PCAOB. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the US body that oversees the auditors of companies listed in the US.

Standard. One official rule document on one topic, such as IAS 2 (inventories under IFRS).

IAS 1 and IFRS 18. IAS 1 is the IFRS standard on how to set out the main financial statements. IFRS 18 replaces it for years starting on or after January 1, 2027.

IFRS 1. The IFRS standard for a company that starts using IFRS for the first time.

Subsidiary. A company that is controlled by another company, its parent.

Jurisdiction. A country or region that makes its own rules, such as which accounting standards its companies must use.

Listed company. A company whose shares are traded on a stock market.

Preface and table of contents. The preface is the short introduction at the start of a book. The table of contents lists the book's chapters.

Prompt. The instruction or question you type to an AI tool.

Project. A workspace in Claude or ChatGPT that keeps a task's chats and files together. Rebuilt Claude projects can also start separate threads, but Nisha did not use them.

Grading and self-improvement. Asking the AI to score its own work against clear areas, then to improve it and score it again, round after round.

Source and fact check. A source is the place a fact comes from. A fact check means opening the source and confirming that it really says what the document says.

ESL. English as a second language: readers whose first language is not English.

This case was prepared for class discussion. It is not meant to show whether the choices described were good or bad, and it is not a source of accounting advice.